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音頻科普：營養(yǎng)指南對地球也有利
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音頻科普：營養(yǎng)指南對地球也有利
?Nutrition Guidelines Healthy for the Planet, Too營養(yǎng)指南對地球也有利
Following dietary guidelines would mean eating less meat and dairy—and fewer calories overall—reducing greenhouse gases and other pollution.
遵循膳食指南意味著少食肉和乳制品，以及總體少攝入卡路里，這么做可以減少溫室氣體排放，減輕其他污染。
撰文/播音?Julia Rosen?茱莉亞?羅森
翻譯?張心茹
校對?郭曉
You know those nutrition guidelines the government issues every few years? It turns out that following them isn’t just good for your health. It’s good for the planet, too.
你知道政府每幾年發(fā)布一次的那些營養(yǎng)膳食指南嗎？事實(shí)證明，遵循這些指南不僅對自身健康有利，還有利于我們生存的星球。
“What we found is that impacts vary across nations, but in the high-impact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally recommended diet, despite the fact that these diets don’t mention explicitly—or most of them don’t explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that. So that’s sort of fairly clear across all the high-income nations.”
“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)（營養(yǎng)膳食指南的）影響因國家而異，但總的來說，在影響力較大的國家，如果你遵循國家推薦的膳食指南，即使這些膳食并未明晰對環(huán)境的影響，或者大多數(shù)膳食沒有明確說明這一點(diǎn)，但是你對環(huán)境的影響會因?yàn)樽裱改隙鴾p輕。這一現(xiàn)象在所有高收入國家中均有體現(xiàn)。”
Paul Behrens, an environmental scientist at Leiden University in the Netherlands. The food we eat takes a big toll on the environment. A third of the ice-free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. Fertilizer runoff also leads to other problems, like the algae blooms in Lake Eerie and the Dead Zone in the?Gulf of Mexico.
荷蘭萊頓大學(xué)（Leiden University）的環(huán)境學(xué)家保羅?貝恩（Paul Behrens）如是說。我們所吃的食物給環(huán)境帶來了巨大代價(jià)。地球上三分之一的無冰區(qū)被用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，根據(jù)一些估算，食物生產(chǎn)大約占到了人類造成的溫室氣體排放量的五分之一。肥料徑流也導(dǎo)致了其他問題，例如伊利湖（Lake Eerie）的藻類爆發(fā)以及墨西哥灣（Gulf of Mexico）的死亡區(qū)域
However, following dietary guidelines would reduce those impacts, especially in wealthy countries like the US. “Most of the reductions come from meat and dairy,” which have an outsized impact on land use and pollution, and are a major source of greenhouse gases. (That’s partly due to cow farts. Seriously.) Heeding recommendations would also mean eating fewer calories, since many people here eat more than they need.
然而，遵循膳食指南可以減輕這些影響，尤其是在富裕國家，例如美國。“減少大多數(shù)東西來自肉和乳制品，”這些食物對土地使用和污染有巨大影響，也是溫室氣體的主要來源。（這部分因?yàn)槟膛７牌?，真的。）聽取建議也意味著少攝入卡路里，因?yàn)楹芏嗳顺缘某^了他們的需要。
Overall, in high-income countries, Behren’s team estimates that following the rules could result in as much as a 17 percent reduction in land use, a 21 percent reduction in nutrient pollution, and a 25 percent drop in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Cutting down on how much food we waste—which is roughly a third in the U.S.—could help even more. The results are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Paul Behrens et al., Evaluating the environmental impacts of dietary recommendations]
總的來說，貝恩的團(tuán)隊(duì)估計(jì)，在高收入國家，遵循這些規(guī)則可以減少17%的土地使用量，21%的營養(yǎng)污染以及25%的農(nóng)業(yè)中溫室氣體排放。減少食物浪費(fèi)的效果更加明顯，而這些浪費(fèi)了的食物是美國食物量的三分之一。這些結(jié)果發(fā)表于《美國國家科學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》里。[Paul Behrens et al., Evaluating the environmental impacts of dietary recommendations]
Of course, people are notoriously bad at following diets. But: “These nationally recommended guidelines do actually have a knock-on effect to other areas of policy making. So if I’m developing a new healthy-eating-for-schools program then that’s going to be based off a lot of detail that I get from the nationally recommended guidelines. So while it might not necessarily be the case that people follow directly…they actually are quite influential on the preparation of other advice.”
當(dāng)然，人們在遵循膳食指南方面表現(xiàn)糟糕。但是“這些國家推薦的膳食指南確實(shí)對其他領(lǐng)域的政策制定有連鎖作用。因此，如果我開展一個(gè)新的校園健康飲食計(jì)劃，它會基于我從國家膳食指南中摘取的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。因此，雖然人們不必直接遵循指南，但實(shí)際上這些指南在準(zhǔn)備其他建議時(shí)有很大的影響力。”
Seems that a smaller environmental footprint and a healthier lifestyle could go hand in hand
（通過膳食指南）似乎減輕環(huán)境傷害，過上健康生活，二者可以兼得。
—Julia Rosen
?
原文鏈接：?https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/nutrition-guidelines-healthy-for-the-planet-too/
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?Nutrition Guidelines Healthy for the Planet, Too營養(yǎng)指南對地球也有利
Following dietary guidelines would mean eating less meat and dairy—and fewer calories overall—reducing greenhouse gases and other pollution.
遵循膳食指南意味著少食肉和乳制品，以及總體少攝入卡路里，這么做可以減少溫室氣體排放，減輕其他污染。
撰文/播音?Julia Rosen?茱莉亞?羅森
翻譯?張心茹
校對?郭曉
You know those nutrition guidelines the government issues every few years? It turns out that following them isn’t just good for your health. It’s good for the planet, too.
你知道政府每幾年發(fā)布一次的那些營養(yǎng)膳食指南嗎？事實(shí)證明，遵循這些指南不僅對自身健康有利，還有利于我們生存的星球。
“What we found is that impacts vary across nations, but in the high-impact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally recommended diet, despite the fact that these diets don’t mention explicitly—or most of them don’t explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that. So that’s sort of fairly clear across all the high-income nations.”
“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)（營養(yǎng)膳食指南的）影響因國家而異，但總的來說，在影響力較大的國家，如果你遵循國家推薦的膳食指南，即使這些膳食并未明晰對環(huán)境的影響，或者大多數(shù)膳食沒有明確說明這一點(diǎn)，但是你對環(huán)境的影響會因?yàn)樽裱改隙鴾p輕。這一現(xiàn)象在所有高收入國家中均有體現(xiàn)。”
Paul Behrens, an environmental scientist at Leiden University in the Netherlands. The food we eat takes a big toll on the environment. A third of the ice-free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. Fertilizer runoff also leads to other problems, like the algae blooms in Lake Eerie and the Dead Zone in the?Gulf of Mexico.
荷蘭萊頓大學(xué)（Leiden University）的環(huán)境學(xué)家保羅?貝恩（Paul Behrens）如是說。我們所吃的食物給環(huán)境帶來了巨大代價(jià)。地球上三分之一的無冰區(qū)被用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，根據(jù)一些估算，食物生產(chǎn)大約占到了人類造成的溫室氣體排放量的五分之一。肥料徑流也導(dǎo)致了其他問題，例如伊利湖（Lake Eerie）的藻類爆發(fā)以及墨西哥灣（Gulf of Mexico）的死亡區(qū)域
However, following dietary guidelines would reduce those impacts, especially in wealthy countries like the US. “Most of the reductions come from meat and dairy,” which have an outsized impact on land use and pollution, and are a major source of greenhouse gases. (That’s partly due to cow farts. Seriously.) Heeding recommendations would also mean eating fewer calories, since many people here eat more than they need.
然而，遵循膳食指南可以減輕這些影響，尤其是在富裕國家，例如美國。“減少大多數(shù)東西來自肉和乳制品，”這些食物對土地使用和污染有巨大影響，也是溫室氣體的主要來源。（這部分因?yàn)槟膛７牌?，真的。）聽取建議也意味著少攝入卡路里，因?yàn)楹芏嗳顺缘某^了他們的需要。
Overall, in high-income countries, Behren’s team estimates that following the rules could result in as much as a 17 percent reduction in land use, a 21 percent reduction in nutrient pollution, and a 25 percent drop in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Cutting down on how much food we waste—which is roughly a third in the U.S.—could help even more. The results are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Paul Behrens et al., Evaluating the environmental impacts of dietary recommendations]
總的來說，貝恩的團(tuán)隊(duì)估計(jì)，在高收入國家，遵循這些規(guī)則可以減少17%的土地使用量，21%的營養(yǎng)污染以及25%的農(nóng)業(yè)中溫室氣體排放。減少食物浪費(fèi)的效果更加明顯，而這些浪費(fèi)了的食物是美國食物量的三分之一。這些結(jié)果發(fā)表于《美國國家科學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》里。[Paul Behrens et al., Evaluating the environmental impacts of dietary recommendations]
Of course, people are notoriously bad at following diets. But: “These nationally recommended guidelines do actually have a knock-on effect to other areas of policy making. So if I’m developing a new healthy-eating-for-schools program then that’s going to be based off a lot of detail that I get from the nationally recommended guidelines. So while it might not necessarily be the case that people follow directly…they actually are quite influential on the preparation of other advice.”
當(dāng)然，人們在遵循膳食指南方面表現(xiàn)糟糕。但是“這些國家推薦的膳食指南確實(shí)對其他領(lǐng)域的政策制定有連鎖作用。因此，如果我開展一個(gè)新的校園健康飲食計(jì)劃，它會基于我從國家膳食指南中摘取的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。因此，雖然人們不必直接遵循指南，但實(shí)際上這些指南在準(zhǔn)備其他建議時(shí)有很大的影響力。”
Seems that a smaller environmental footprint and a healthier lifestyle could go hand in hand
（通過膳食指南）似乎減輕環(huán)境傷害，過上健康生活，二者可以兼得。
—Julia Rosen
?
原文鏈接：?https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/nutrition-guidelines-healthy-for-the-planet-too/
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