音頻科普：限制太空發(fā)展的三大問題

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?General Jay Raymond, Commander of Air Force Space Command, talks about keeping watch over space and cyber.?“There’s three strategic trends that I see in space.”

空軍空間司令部司令杰伊·雷蒙德將軍就空間和網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理發(fā)言：?“我認(rèn)為有三大戰(zhàn)略問題在限制太空的發(fā)展。”

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撰文/播音：史蒂夫·米爾斯基（Steve Mirsky）

翻譯：曲薈龍

審校：許楠

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General Jay Raymond, Commander of Air Force Space Command in Colorado Springs. He recently visited Scientific American to talk about Space Command, which is responsible for space and cyber for the Air Force. ?

科羅拉多斯普林斯空軍空間司令部司令杰伊·雷蒙德將軍最近做客《科學(xué)美國人》，就美軍的太空管理發(fā)表了自己的看法。美軍的太空管理包括由空軍負(fù)責(zé)的空間和網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理。

“One is space is congested…we track 23,000 objects in space. We provide the conjunction assessment warning, if you will, so for every object in space we do the analysis on every other object in space to see if there’s a potential collision. And if there’s a potential collision we make the warning for satellite operators around the world to maneuver their satellites to keep that collision from happening…

“其中一個問題是太空擁堵。在太空中，我們追蹤到了23000個物體。我們提供碰撞評估警告系統(tǒng)——如果客戶有意愿，我們可以對太空中任何一個物體進行分析，看其是否有可能和太空中的其他物體發(fā)生碰撞。如果確有碰撞的幾率，我們會對世界各地的衛(wèi)星操作者發(fā)出警告，以使他們操控衛(wèi)星避免碰撞的發(fā)生。

“I see the trends of that growing. If you look at the numbers of launches that are occurring, the numbers of launches are up largely because the cost of launch has gone down. So the access to space has gotten easier…not just are the numbers of launches going up, but the numbers of satellites on each launch are also increasing…and so I see that congestion just growing in the future, and that’s something that we are obviously working to help mitigate that growing strain.

“此外，太空擁堵還有加重的趨勢。對現(xiàn)階段的發(fā)射次數(shù)進行觀察便不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于發(fā)射成本下降，發(fā)射的次數(shù)已大大增加。因此，進入太空變得更加容易。不僅僅是發(fā)射次數(shù)在增加，每次發(fā)射的衛(wèi)星數(shù)量也在增加……所以我可以預(yù)見，未來太空擁堵會越來越嚴(yán)重，而我們正努力幫助緩解這種日益增長的壓力。”

“The other thing that’s happening in space is that we are becoming more contested. I think it’s clear that space is a war-fighting domain just like air, land and sea. And we are seeing threats across the spectrum, everything from low-end reversible jamming of GPS satellites all the way up to high-end kinetic destruction, which we saw in 2007 when China shot down their weather satellite.

“另一個問題是太空競爭變得越來越激烈。太空和天空、陸地及海洋一樣，都屬于作戰(zhàn)領(lǐng)域，我想這一點很明確。此外我們看到整個太空空間領(lǐng)域里都存在著威脅——數(shù)目眾多的GPS衛(wèi)星充斥在較低的太空領(lǐng)域，造成擁擠；而在較高的太空領(lǐng)域中，航天器的破壞正頻頻上演，比如在2007年，中國擊落了自己的氣象衛(wèi)星。”

“And then the last thing, and I wouldn’t say it’s concerning by any means, is the increased competitive nature of space. I think that’s a good thing. I think there’s some huge opportunities here to leverage a growing commercial space market…I think as costs of launch go down and as technology allows for smaller satellites I think we’ll be able to leverage those for a wide variety of missions.”

“最后一個問題是空間競爭的增強，不過我認(rèn)為這是一件好事。空間競爭會帶來一些千載難逢的良機，我們恰恰可以利用這些機會來拓展日益增長的商業(yè)空間市場……發(fā)射成本不斷降低，技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展進步，小型衛(wèi)星應(yīng)運而生，我們可以充分利用它們完成各種各樣的任務(wù)。”

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